We were asked to conduct a survey based on the opinion of 10 different people( Male and Female from under 20 years old to over 50 years old), And ask, :If you could spend a minute and talk directly to President Obama what would you say?
And these were the replies I received,
Why would you want to be president when there are other careers that pay more is it because of the benefits? [I don’t believe you when you say you want to lead America out of recession or whatever.] And countries won’t hate you if you do something wrong.
Who is your favorite president? Why?
-Anna, 14
I would talk about the military build-up. And how they're gona take Pagat as a shooting Range...and they might take close down the raceway.
-Dennis, 15
How does it feel to be the first African American president of the United States of America?"
How has your life changed since you got into presidency? What do you feel was your biggest accomplishment so far since you stepped into presidency?
-Abegail, 20
"What’s up with military build-up?" "What are you doing for Guam?"
"What is the real reason behind your visit here on Guam?"
Is the relocation not going smoothly?
What are the concerns on the impact of a population growth that large that quickly?
Who are you working most closely here that guided you to need to visit yourself?
-Raf ,22
Are you in favor of the military build-up on Guam? Personally, would you want our island flooded with 8,000 marines? And why?
-Frances, 38
Do aliens really exist? I have heard that when a President gets elected, they get a briefcase with top secret documents.
-Sam, 30
Are there other ways of raising the minimum wage and possibly not raising taxes? Raising minimum wage would help the many working-class, like myself, a lot, please find ways in doing so.
-Rose, 42
What is your input on Guam becoming a state? Do you support it or not? And why? What is stopping Guam from becoming a state?
-Tom, 41
To really end "Slavery" for all U.S. citizens, so we can have the same freedom like any other US citizen in CONUS. (Continental U.S.) To give the Chamorus what they actually deserved not what the Federal Government want the local people to have.
-John-Ray, 55
How would you deal with the negative responses from Guam’s residence regarding the military build-up? How would you convince Guam’s residence that the military build-up will provide a positive outcome to our island?
-Gloria, 53
---I Really enjoyed this assignment, I felt that I learned a lot from it (especially from the responses I received)
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Chapter 9
Chapter 9- Issues in Law Enforcement and Police Behavior
1. Racial Profiling- where the police are accused of stopping and searching minorities for minor violations more than whites.
*after the 9/11 (September 11 attacks), the United States security became more strict because now, everyone is being watched
*Three styles of policing have been identified that characterize different approaches to the management of police discretion:
2. Watchman style- emphasizes the maintenance of order; Police may use both formal methods (arrest) and informal methods (warnings or threats) to maintain order
3. Legalistic style- focuses more strictly on law violations than on the maintenance of order
4. Service style- approaches law enforcement from a broad problem-solving perspective
5. Police stress- emotional pressure produced by the nature of police work; such as public apathy, exposure to criminals and injury to fellow officers
6. Anomie- no rules or control; 95% of problems come from not following procedures
7. Authoritarianism- tendency to favor blind obedience to authority; " you should listen t me, because I tell you to"
8. Selective enforcement- police cannot enforce every single law
9. Malfeasance- doing bad acts or illegal acts
10. Misfeasance- not doing the job properly
1. Racial Profiling- where the police are accused of stopping and searching minorities for minor violations more than whites.
*after the 9/11 (September 11 attacks), the United States security became more strict because now, everyone is being watched
*Three styles of policing have been identified that characterize different approaches to the management of police discretion:
2. Watchman style- emphasizes the maintenance of order; Police may use both formal methods (arrest) and informal methods (warnings or threats) to maintain order
3. Legalistic style- focuses more strictly on law violations than on the maintenance of order
4. Service style- approaches law enforcement from a broad problem-solving perspective
5. Police stress- emotional pressure produced by the nature of police work; such as public apathy, exposure to criminals and injury to fellow officers
6. Anomie- no rules or control; 95% of problems come from not following procedures
7. Authoritarianism- tendency to favor blind obedience to authority; " you should listen t me, because I tell you to"
8. Selective enforcement- police cannot enforce every single law
9. Malfeasance- doing bad acts or illegal acts
10. Misfeasance- not doing the job properly
Chapter 7 and Chapter 8
Listed below are some of the important* facts throughout Chapter 7 (Criminal Procedure and the Police) and Chapter 8 (Origins and Organizations of Law)
Chapter 7- Criminal Procedure and the Police
1. The role of the police in the criminal procedure are as the gatekeepers; the police must observe behavior and make judgments about possible criminal behaviors in order to prevent crime and apprehend criminals.
2. Frisk- a patting down of the outer clothing of a suspect (based on reasonable suspicion); it is designed to protect the police officer from getting attacked by a weapon during the "frisk"
3. Search- inspection of a person or property based on probable cause of law violation
4. Seizure- confiscation of property occurring when there is some meaningful interference with the individual's possession of property
5. Exclusionary rule- a legal principle that holds that illegally seized evidence must be excluded from use in trials
6. Searches with the exceptions to the warrant requirement include:
(a) searches incident to a lawful arrest (b) searches with voluntary consent (c) plain view searches (d)searches of automobile and their contents (e) open fields and abandoned properties
7. Miranda warning- a five-point warning derived from the case of Miranda v. Arizona. Its purpose is to provide fair notice to crime suspects of their basic constitutional rights
8. Public Safety Exception- the Police may omit the Miranda warning (prior to questioning a suspect) if the public safety is jeopardized
9. Fifth Amendment- provides for grand juries protection against double jeopardy and protection from self incrimination
10. The importance of confessions to police work is limited because most suspects are taken into custody based on other evidence.
Chapter 8- Origins and Organizations of Law Enforcement
1. Mutual pledge system- residents can be held responsible for the actions of their neighbors; a system of community responsibility used during the Middle Ages in Britain
2. Watch and ward system- a system used ( in England established 1285) to help constables in their law enforcement efforts. Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night. Crime suspects were turned over to the constable
3. The invention of gin (by a Dutch chemist during the 17th century) was the catalyst that triggered a more organized effort towards the establishment of public policing
4. Bow street racing- Henry Fielding organized a mounted patrol to guard highways; quickly established a reputation for their ability to catch criminals
5. preventive police- the first organized police department in London established 1829
6. Crime commissions- focused on improved operations of the criminal justice system as the best way to reduce crime
7. Professionalization- changes in the police organization, administration, and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals
8. Local police- the police department of municipalities; local law enforcements also includes county sheriffs and special police agencies such as park, airport, transit and university police.
9. Community policing- a service-oriented style of law enforcement that focuses on the disorder in the community, crime preventions, and fear reduction ( as opposed to the traditional focus on serious* street crimes)
10. Policing faces a dilemma: There is a need to organize law enforcement efforts in a more effective way. However, there is also a reluctance to provide the necessary resources and authority
Chapter 7- Criminal Procedure and the Police
1. The role of the police in the criminal procedure are as the gatekeepers; the police must observe behavior and make judgments about possible criminal behaviors in order to prevent crime and apprehend criminals.
2. Frisk- a patting down of the outer clothing of a suspect (based on reasonable suspicion); it is designed to protect the police officer from getting attacked by a weapon during the "frisk"
3. Search- inspection of a person or property based on probable cause of law violation
4. Seizure- confiscation of property occurring when there is some meaningful interference with the individual's possession of property
5. Exclusionary rule- a legal principle that holds that illegally seized evidence must be excluded from use in trials
6. Searches with the exceptions to the warrant requirement include:
(a) searches incident to a lawful arrest (b) searches with voluntary consent (c) plain view searches (d)searches of automobile and their contents (e) open fields and abandoned properties
7. Miranda warning- a five-point warning derived from the case of Miranda v. Arizona. Its purpose is to provide fair notice to crime suspects of their basic constitutional rights
8. Public Safety Exception- the Police may omit the Miranda warning (prior to questioning a suspect) if the public safety is jeopardized
9. Fifth Amendment- provides for grand juries protection against double jeopardy and protection from self incrimination
10. The importance of confessions to police work is limited because most suspects are taken into custody based on other evidence.
Chapter 8- Origins and Organizations of Law Enforcement
1. Mutual pledge system- residents can be held responsible for the actions of their neighbors; a system of community responsibility used during the Middle Ages in Britain
2. Watch and ward system- a system used ( in England established 1285) to help constables in their law enforcement efforts. Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night. Crime suspects were turned over to the constable
3. The invention of gin (by a Dutch chemist during the 17th century) was the catalyst that triggered a more organized effort towards the establishment of public policing
4. Bow street racing- Henry Fielding organized a mounted patrol to guard highways; quickly established a reputation for their ability to catch criminals
5. preventive police- the first organized police department in London established 1829
6. Crime commissions- focused on improved operations of the criminal justice system as the best way to reduce crime
7. Professionalization- changes in the police organization, administration, and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals
8. Local police- the police department of municipalities; local law enforcements also includes county sheriffs and special police agencies such as park, airport, transit and university police.
9. Community policing- a service-oriented style of law enforcement that focuses on the disorder in the community, crime preventions, and fear reduction ( as opposed to the traditional focus on serious* street crimes)
10. Policing faces a dilemma: There is a need to organize law enforcement efforts in a more effective way. However, there is also a reluctance to provide the necessary resources and authority
Chapter 5 and Chapter 6
Listed below are some of the important* facts throughout Chapter 5 (Criminal Law) and Chapter 6 (The Criminal Justice System).
*(in my opinion they are important)
Chapter 5- Criminal Law
1. Criminal Law is the set of formal rules designed to maintain social control`
2. Substantive criminal law are laws defining the specific behaviors prohibited under the criminal law
3. Procedural law-rules of adjudication of individuals suspected of violating the law
*All states as well as the federal government have both substantive and procedural criminal laws, which vary somewhat among jurisdictions
4. Constitutions are used by society as a major source that guides their enactment of special laws and the application of those laws by courts.
5. Statutes are specific laws passed by legislatures that prohibit or mandate certain acts
6. Court decisions (or case laws) involves the judges' interpreting laws passed by legislatures to determine their applicability in a given case or to clarify their meaning
7. Administrative regulations are rules applied to organizations that are designed to protect public health, safety, and welfare in the market place
* Listed above are the four main sources of Criminal Law.
8. Criminal Justice System are independent government agencies that have been set up to deal with different aspects of crime and treatment of offenders, including law enforcement, the courts, and corrections
9. Due process is a legal protection included in the United States constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures
10. Intention is the conscious purposiveness; a factor in the determination of criminal responsibility
Chapter 6- The Criminal Justice System
*The main types of criminal justice agencies are law enforcement agencies, courts (including trial and appeal courts) and correctional systems. All three types are found at all three levels of government (federal, state, and local).
1. The criminal justice system process acts like a filter in which the agencies of criminal justice each capture a share of law violators.
2. Law enforcement agencies main tasks are: (a) to protect people and their rights (b) apprehend those who violate laws (c) prevent crimes and (d) provide social services; also known as policing
*Courts (both state and federal court system) have three basic types of jurisdiction:
3. Limited Jurisdiction which have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters
4. General Jurisdiction have most trials for felonies also trials in major civil cases
5. Appellate Jurisdiction review specific legal issues raised in trial courts.,
*Corrections, exist at all three levels of government (federal, state, and local)
6. Local jails are facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less
7. Probation is a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer
8. Procedural law specifies how people accused of crimes will be treated
9. Probable cause is a reasonable link between a specific person and a particular crime; the legal threshold required before the police can arrest or search an individual
10. Warrant is a sworn statement by police gar attest to the existence of a probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officer's assesment of the facts
*(in my opinion they are important)
Chapter 5- Criminal Law
1. Criminal Law is the set of formal rules designed to maintain social control`
2. Substantive criminal law are laws defining the specific behaviors prohibited under the criminal law
3. Procedural law-rules of adjudication of individuals suspected of violating the law
*All states as well as the federal government have both substantive and procedural criminal laws, which vary somewhat among jurisdictions
4. Constitutions are used by society as a major source that guides their enactment of special laws and the application of those laws by courts.
5. Statutes are specific laws passed by legislatures that prohibit or mandate certain acts
6. Court decisions (or case laws) involves the judges' interpreting laws passed by legislatures to determine their applicability in a given case or to clarify their meaning
7. Administrative regulations are rules applied to organizations that are designed to protect public health, safety, and welfare in the market place
* Listed above are the four main sources of Criminal Law.
8. Criminal Justice System are independent government agencies that have been set up to deal with different aspects of crime and treatment of offenders, including law enforcement, the courts, and corrections
9. Due process is a legal protection included in the United States constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures
10. Intention is the conscious purposiveness; a factor in the determination of criminal responsibility
Chapter 6- The Criminal Justice System
*The main types of criminal justice agencies are law enforcement agencies, courts (including trial and appeal courts) and correctional systems. All three types are found at all three levels of government (federal, state, and local).
1. The criminal justice system process acts like a filter in which the agencies of criminal justice each capture a share of law violators.
2. Law enforcement agencies main tasks are: (a) to protect people and their rights (b) apprehend those who violate laws (c) prevent crimes and (d) provide social services; also known as policing
*Courts (both state and federal court system) have three basic types of jurisdiction:
3. Limited Jurisdiction which have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters
4. General Jurisdiction have most trials for felonies also trials in major civil cases
5. Appellate Jurisdiction review specific legal issues raised in trial courts.,
*Corrections, exist at all three levels of government (federal, state, and local)
6. Local jails are facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less
7. Probation is a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer
8. Procedural law specifies how people accused of crimes will be treated
9. Probable cause is a reasonable link between a specific person and a particular crime; the legal threshold required before the police can arrest or search an individual
10. Warrant is a sworn statement by police gar attest to the existence of a probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officer's assesment of the facts
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