Chapter 14

Chapter 14- Probation and Community Corrections
1. Monetary fines are the most common form of criminal sanction in the U.S. Although fines are usually used for minor crimes.
2. Probation is a system in which offenders are allowed to live in the community under supervision. Offenders who are sentenced to probation usually have conditions attached to their sentences.
3. However, supervision of offenders in the community poses the risk that the offenders may commit the same or other crimes.
4. The purpose of parole is to allow inmates to serve the last part of their sentence in the community under supervision in order to readjust to freedom.
5. Parole is associated with indeterminate sentencing and is decided by a parole board consisting of correction officers.
6. Work or study release programs allow eligible inmates to work or take courses outside the prison during the day and return to the prison at night. The prisoners are supervised and are only granted a few hours.
7. A pardon allows a convicted offender to be released from prison without any supervision. A pardon basically excuses the offender from its criminal penalties.
8. Those who agree with restorative justice believe that the winners of the case is less important than "making the victim a whole."
9. In the most common form of restorative justice, the offender provides restitution to the victim. Restitution is a form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money. but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.
10. Shock incarceration is short-term military-style "boot camps" designed primarily for nonviolent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline.